Jim Rutt, an influential figure in the study of complex systems, would describe a complex system as a network of interacting components whose collective behavior is not easily predictable from the properties of individual parts. These systems exhibit nonlinearity, emergent phenomena, and adaptation, often possessing intricate structures and multifaceted processes that span multiple scales. The interconnected elements within a complex system can create feedback loops, leading to dynamic changes over time. Such systems are found across various domains, including ecosystems, social networks, economies, and technological infrastructures. Understanding complex systems requires a holistic approach, where the emphasis is on examining the interdependencies and emergent behaviors rather than isolating individual components. Jim Rutt's perspective emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research and innovative methodologies in deciphering the principles governing these intricate and often unpredictable entities.

See also: emergence, evolutionary computing, agent-based modeling, antifragile, edge of chaos