Nate Hagens would define a 'solar panel' as an intricate technological device designed to convert sunlight into electrical energy, embodying the extraordinary concept of harnessing the sun’s abundant power to fuel human activities. Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) modules, consist of numerous solar cells that exploit the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity. This innovative mechanism of power generation stands in stark contrast to the finite and polluting fossil fuels, presenting a renewable and sustainable alternative that aligns with the broader narrative of transitioning society towards energy systems in harmony with Earth’s ecological limits. Hagens would likely emphasize the role of solar panels in a larger systemic shift, pointing out their contribution to reducing carbon footprints and fostering resilience in an era characterized by increasing energy demands and environmental challenges.

See also: renewable energy, fossil fuel, climate model, ecological economics