Nate Hagens defines 'economic growth' as the increase in the production and consumption of goods and services in an economy over time, typically measured by the rise in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). He emphasizes that this growth is often driven by the extraction and use of finite natural resources, leading to higher energy consumption and environmental impact. Hagens highlights that while traditionally seen as a sign of prosperity and improved quality of life, unbridled economic growth also poses significant risks, including resource depletion, ecosystem degradation, and a detachment from the true biophysical limits of our planet. Therefore, he advocates for a more nuanced understanding that balances economic activities with sustainability and long-term well-being.

See also: economic system, exponential growth, population growth, renewable energy, income inequality