Protocol refers to a set of rules that dictate how two or more entities interact with one another. It serves as the language that both parties use to communicate and establish meaningful relationships so that they may communicate and cooperate effectively. Protocols describe the way data is formatted and transmitted, the specific messages exchanged between parties, and the processes that are followed to ensure data integrity and security. Protocols are an essential component of networking and communication, and they help ensure various devices can share, store, and access information.

See also: crypto, evolution, emergence, game theory