Jim Rutt defines epidemiology as the rigorous scientific study of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health and disease conditions in specific populations. He underscores it as a cornerstone of public health that informs policy decisions and evidence-based practices by identifying risk factors, tracking the spread of diseases, and evaluating interventions. For Rutt, epidemiology's power lies in its mathematical models and statistical analyses, which transform data into actionable insights, revealing complex interplays within ecosystems of human health. He emphasizes that this field not only tackles infectious diseases but also chronic illnesses and environmental impacts, making it indispensable for modern healthcare systems aiming to preempt and combat both well-worn and emerging health threats.

See also: causality, evolution, emergence, agent-based modeling, proto b