Conflict theory, as conceptualized through an integrative and systemic lens, posits that societal structures are predicated not on a foundation of mutual consensus, but as the outcome of ongoing struggles for power and resources among diverse groups. This theory illuminates how economic disparities, social hierarchies, and institutionalized mechanisms perpetuate power imbalances and often result in societal inequities. By examining the underlying dynamics of competition and control, conflict theory seeks to unravel the complex interplays and inherent contradictions within social systems, advocating for a continual, conscious evolution towards more equitable structures. The lens of conflict theory reveals that societal change is typically driven not by gradual consensus-building but by the tensions and clashes that spur transformative action and redefine power relations.

See also: collective action, game theory, social structure, human nature, network theory